Ammonia is a pollutant frequently found in aquatic ecosystems. In fish, ammonia can cause
physical damage, alter its behaviour, and even cause death. Exposure to ammonia also …

This study aimed to elucidate the physiological effects of high environmental ammonia
(HEA) following periods of feeding (2% body weight) and starvation (unfed for 7 days prior to …

Ammonia is an environmental pollutant that is toxic to all aquatic animals. The toxic effects of
ammonia can be modulated by other physiological processes such as feeding and …

Guidelines for ammonia toxicity in fish are often determined using static exposure tests with
immature fish over a 96-h period. These results may not be relevant to aquaculture, hauling …

Oxidative stress and the antioxidant response induced by high environmental ammonia
(HEA) were investigated in the liver and gills of three freshwater teleosts differing in their …

Intensification of aquaculture practices resulted in increased ammonia production in the
culture systems. Lack of proper management of the culture system will result in elevated …

Salinity fluctuation is one of the main factors affecting the overall fitness of marine fish. In
addition, water borne ammonia may occur simultaneously with salinity stress. Additionally …

This study aimed to elucidate whether exposure to a sublethal concentration (8mmoll− 1) of
NH4Cl (pH 7.0) for 12 or 48h would induce oxidative stress in gills and brain of the …

We investigated the interactive effect of ammonia toxicity, salinity challenge and nutritional
status on the ecophysiological performance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) …

Waterborne ammonia is an environmental pollutant that is toxic to all aquatic animals.
However, ammonia induced toxicity as well as compensatory mechanisms to defend against …