Backwashing is crucial for preventing clogging of sand filters. However, few studies have
investigated the effect of backwashing on micropollutant removal and the dynamic changes …

A series of studies conducted on laboratory‐scale sand columns confirmed that Escherichia
coli (E. coli) removals in slow‐rate biological filters occur primarily at the interface …

Does it increase removal of biodegradable organic matter and ammonia? The effect of filter
backwash on the efficiency of first‐stage sand–biological activated carbon (BAC) filters was …

Slow sand filters (SSF) are widely used to treat water for potable use. The process is
dependent on the activities of complex microbial communities in the biofilm (schmutzdecke) …

A model explains why bacteria and organic polymers are more difficult to remove than
nonbiological particles during biofilter backwashing. Granular activated carbon (GAC) …

Conclusions The following conclusions can be drawn from the project study on different
aspects of slow sand filtration.• Slow sand filters with finer sand produce better quality water …

Slow sand filtration is a technology that has been used for potable water filtration for
hundreds of years. It is a process well-suited for small, rural communities since it does not …

This study evaluated the impact of a 50% reduction of filter media depth in Household Slow
Sand Filters (HSSFs) on continuous flow to remove physicochemical and microbiological …

Slow sand filtration is an established technique for the treatment of drinking water. However,
clogging of these filters requires extensive maintenance. The clogging and hydraulic …