Activities of the extracellular enzymes β-glucosidase and phosphatase and bacterial
densities were investigated during the filtration process at several sites in a groundwater …

The paper presents evidence to demonstrate that filter backwash sequences should include
a combined air and water phase to maintain the long-term performance of rapid gravity filters …

The bacterial population distributions and activities in municipal slow sand filters from three
separate facilities using different management practices were evaluated to better …

Water pollution is a serious global issue. Various technologically advanced treatment
methodologies, for example, activated sludge process, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket …

Ripening period refers to a phase of stabilization in sand filters in water treatment systems
that follow a new installation or cleaning of the filter. Intermittent wetting and drying, a unique …

In rural areas, where passive filtration of surface water is a viable option, aquatic systems
can become contaminated by antimicrobials from wastewater treatment plants or diffuse …

Bacterial communities in biofilters can improve drinking water quality through the
biodegradation of dissolved contaminants but also pose potential risks by harboring and …

Slow sand filter can be effective for water purification. The formation of “schmutzdecke” on
the surface of the sand bed can vary the efficiency of slow sand filter. This study aimed to …

Household slow sand filter (HSSF) has been used as an alternative to drinking water
treatment in rural communities worldwide; however, its performance to treat influent water …

Nearly one-fifth of the world's population lacks access to safe, reliable sources of drinking
water. Point of use (POU) household water treatment technology allows people to improve …