Assessing and interpreting fluid and electrolyte balance is fundamental to caring for any type
of patient. Yet this subject is one of the more challenging to grasp and apply to clinical …

Motivation. Homeostasis is a dynamic and balanced process that must be maintained in
order to for health to be sustained (Scales & Pilsworth, 2008: 50-57). In critically illness …

Understanding the principal pathophysiology and factors compromising fluid and electrolyte
balance, as well as the essential nursing assessment and management required to prevent …

Monitoring and manipulating body fluid and electrolytes form a crucial aspect of nursing
care. For the average male, only about 18% of the body weight is protein with 15% fat and …

Interpreting the fluid requirements of a patient and working out what to do next can seem like
a daunting task for the non-specialist, yet it is a skill that any doctor, nurse or paramedic …

Here, Annette Davies reviews the how and why of fluid assessments for patients with renal
disease. She identifies important aspects of a patient's history in the assessment of fluid …

Fluid therapy, together with attention to oxygen supply, is the cornerstone of resuscitation in
all critically ill patients. Hypovolemia results in inadequate blood flow to meet the metabolic …

Fluid administration is frequently used in hospitalized patients. The most common reasons
for fluid administration include hypotension, shock, sepsis, hypovolemia, replacement of …

Maintaining the balance of fluid and electrolytes is crucial to the care of patients across the
continuum. To do this, a practitioner must be cognizant of key monitoring and assessment …

This article reviews the physiology that underpins normal fluid balance and discusses how
fluid balance can be affected by illness. Clinical assessment of hydration and the importance …