Biodiversity monitoring usually involves drawing inferences about some variable of interest
across a defined landscape from observations made at a sample of locations within that …

Empirical studies of patterns in biodiversity and other ecological phenomena require field
measurements. While finding a method of measurement at a predetermined site can be …

Data are currently being used, and reused, in ecological research at an unprecedented rate.
To ensure appropriate reuse however, we need to ask the question:“Are aggregated …

In most circumstances, probability sampling is the only way to ensure unbiased inference
about population quantities where a complete census is not possible. As we enter the era of …

Long-term environmental monitoring places a set of demands on a sampling strategy not
present in a survey designed for a single time period. The inevitability that a sample will …

Biodiversity monitoring is important to identify conservation needs and test the efficacy of
management actions. Variants of “abundance”(N) are among the most widely monitored …

Ecological citizen science data are rapidly growing in availability and use in ecology and
conservation. Many citizen science projects have the flexibility for participants to select …

Many estimation and inference problems arising from large‐scale animal surveys are
focused on developing an understanding of patterns in abundance or occurrence of a …

Consideration of the natural characteristics of aquatic resources and available frame
material has led to the development of new designs for surveying large-scale regions. This …

Interpolation is perhaps central to most ecological field studies. Ecologists who infer mean
values for par? ticular variables within a given experimental plot or time increment implicitly …