A hallmark of autoimmunity in murine models of lupus is the formation of germinal centers
(GCs) in lymphoid tissues where self-reactive B cells expand and differentiate. In the host …

The extrafollicular (EF) plasmablast response to self-antigens that contain Toll-like receptor
(TLR) ligands is prominent in murine lupus models and some bacterial infections, but the …

Recent studies have identified critical roles for B cells in triggering autoimmune germinal
centers (GCs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other disorders. The mechanisms …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune
disease characterized by a breakdown of tolerance to self. The autoantibodies generated in …

Dysregulated germinal center (GC) responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of human
autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although both type 1 …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by B
cell hyperactivity leading to the production of autoantibodies, some of which having a …

Introduction Many autoimmune diseases are characterized by germinal center (GC)-derived,
affinity-matured, class-switched autoantibodies, and strategies to block GC formation and …

Spontaneous germinal center (Spt-GC) B cells and follicular helper T cells generate high-
affinity autoantibodies that are involved in the development of systemic lupus …

Dendritic cell (DC) activation by nucleic acid–containing immunoglobulin (Ig) G complexes
has been implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. However, the …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characteristic of the immune
complex–induced chronic inflammatory damages. The high-affinity pathogenic …