Objective To investigate a possible increased risk observed in tiotropium clinical trials of
stroke and other adverse events. Design New users of long-acting anticholinergic therapy …

Background: Use of a long-acting inhaled bronchodilator, either an anticholinergic or a β-
adrenergic receptor agonist (β-agonist), is recommended for maintenance treatment of …

The long-term use of inhaled anticholinergic agents has recently been suggested to be
associated with an excess risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with …

Context Inhaled anticholinergics (ipratropium bromide or tiotropium bromide) are widely
used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but their effect on the …

There has been recent uncertainty about whether the inhaled anticholinergic agents
ipratropium bromide and tiotropium bromide increase or decrease cardiovascular risk in the …

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who were naive
to anticholinergics before the TIOtropium Safety and Performance In Respimat (TIOSPIR) …

Ten years ago serious concerns were raised about a link between inhaled anticholinergics
and an increased risk of serious cardiovascular events and death in chronic obstructive …

COPD is increasingly recognized as a complex systemic disorder with a whole range of
comorbidities, especially cardiovascular, contributing significantly to COPD morbidity and …

Background Long-acting bronchodilators, including long-acting beta 2-agonists (LABA) and
the anticholinergic tiotropium, are recommended as initial maintenance therapy in COPD …

Introduction: Poorly absorbable quaternary ammonium-inhaled muscarinic antagonists both
as the short-acting ipratropium and as long-acting (12–24 h) agents (tiotropium …