Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder in the central nervous
system (CNS), in which remyelination failure results in persistent neurologic impairment …

Although several therapies are approved, none promote re-myelination in multiple sclerosis
(MS) patients, limiting their ability for sustained recovery. Thus, treatment development in MS …

Currently, therapies for ischemic stroke are limited. Ginkgolides, unique Folium Ginkgo
components, have potential benefits for ischemic stroke patients, but there is little evidence …

Summary Aim Ginkgolide B (GB) has shown neuroprotective effect in treating ischemic
stroke, related to its property of anti‐inflammation. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether GB is …

Background Neuroinflammation is a key factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other
neurodegenerative conditions. Microglia are the resident mononuclear immune cells of the …

The inflammatory immune response (IIR) is a physiological or excessive systemic response,
induced by inflammatory immune cells according to changes in the internal and external …

White matter lesion (WML) is caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, which are usually
associated with cognitive impairment. Evidence from recent studies has shown that …

Ethnopharmacological relevance There is substantial experimental evidence to support the
view that Ginkgo biloba L.(Ginkgoaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine known to treating …

Ginkgobalide B (GB) as the main active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine Ginkgo
biloba extract is reported to reduce neuroinflammation, protect neurons and promote …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive movement disorder caused by the
selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons of unknown etiology. Up to now, although …