Malaria is still a major cause of severe disease which is responsible for millions of deaths,
mostly in children under 5 years old, in tropical countries, especially sub-Saharan Africa …

The severe disease and high mortality associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection
have traditionally been attributed solely to parasitic virulence factors, but more recent …

Individuals living in malaria-endemic areas eventually develop clinical immunity to
Plasmodium falciparum. That is, they are able to limit blood parasite densities to extremely …

Host immunity is an important but poorly understood determinant of antimalarial efficacy,
influencing the outcome of prevention and treatment trials. Variations in host immunity might …

Throughout history malaria has proved to be a significant threat to human health. Between
300 and 500 million clinical cases occur each year worldwide, approximately 2 million of …

The balance between pro-and antiinflammatory cytokines may be important in malaria
presentation and outcome. Malaria tends to be more severe in children than in adults …

Malaria is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium, transmitted to humans by Anopheles
mosquitoes. The most dangerous of the plasmodia infecting humans is Plasmodium …

The relationship between malaria-related outcomes and cytokine production in whole blood
cultures associated with cellular immune responses and immunity to Plasmodium falciparum …

Malaria is a serious and, in some unfortunate cases, fatal disease caused by a parasite of
the Plasmodium genus. It predominantly occurs in tropical areas where it is transmitted …

We have investigated the widely held view that malaria parasites induce pro‐inflammatory
cytokines primarily through an endotoxin‐like stimulatory effect on macrophages. We report …