Three experiments showed that, in virtual space, humans learn to find an invisible target that
remains in a fixed location relative to distal cues. Experiment 1 showed that people rapidly …

An environment can be experienced by moving around in it, inspecting it from above,
studying a map, or listening to a verbal description. How does learning from different spatial …

Previous research has shown that inertial cues resulting from passive transport through a
large environment do not necessarily facilitate acquiring knowledge about its layout. Here …

This study investigated whether spatial learning is constrained by stage-based processes or
by goal-directed activity by having subjects in different groups attend to different types of …

Abstract In Exp 1, 48 Ss (aged 18-29 yrs) either actively explored a virtual environment (VE),
or passively observed an active S's exploration, noting the location of 4 targets. All Ss also …

Past research has demonstrated that when spatial knowledge is acquired through real-world
navigation, males typically outperform females on subsequent tests of spatial ability …

As people move about the environment, they acquire knowledge about patterns of their own
movement and about spatial relations among places in the world. This knowledge is …

In two experiments, subjects learned an unfamiliar campus environment, either by studying
a map or by navigating. During acquisition, the subjects had one of two spatial goals: to …

Using novel virtual cities, we investigated the influence of verbal and visual strategies on the
encoding of navigation-relevant information in a large-scale virtual environment. In 2 …

Although the process of establishing a memoryof a location is necessary for navigation,
relatively little is known about theinformation that humans use when forming placememories …