Background—Recent reports demonstrate that multiple forms of cardiovascular stress,
including pressure overload, chronic ischemia, and infarction-reperfusion injury, provoke an …

The heart is a highly plastic organ capable of remodeling in response to changes in
physiological or pathological demand. For example, when workload increases …

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which cytoplasmic elements are
degraded intracellularly. Autophagy has also emerged as a major regulator of cardiac …

Cardiac hypertrophy is a major predictor of heart failure and a prevalent disorder with high
mortality. Little is known, however, regarding mechanisms governing the transition from …

In the setting of hemodynamic stress, such as occurs in hypertension or following myocardial
infarction, the heart undergoes a compensatory hypertrophic growth response. Left …

Autophagy is an important process in the heart which is responsible for the normal turnover
of long lived proteins and organelles. Inhibition of autophagy leads to the accumulation of …

Autophagy is a major cytoprotective pathway that eukaryotic cells use to degrade and
recycle cytoplasmic contents. Recent evidence indicates that autophagy under baseline …

Protein quality control (PQC) senses and repairs misfolded/unfolded proteins and, if the
repair fails, degrades the terminally misfolded polypeptides through an intricate …

The aging population is increasing in developed countries. Because the incidence of
cardiac disease increases dramatically with age, it is important to understand the molecular …

The study of autophagy has been transformed by the cloning of most genes in the pathway
and the introduction of GFP-LC3 as a reporter to allow visual assessment of autophagy. The …