Background Implementation of universal antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly
lowered vertical transmission rates but has also increased numbers of human …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and progression of acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can be modulated by a number of cofactors, including …

Objective: In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants have higher
morbidity and mortality than HIV-unexposed infants. To evaluate whether immune …

This paper critically examines the complex interplay between maternal factors and infant
immunological responses to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The transmission of HIV …

Despite the significant progress that has been made to eliminate vertical HIV infection, more
than 150,000 children were infected with HIV in 2019, emphasizing the continued need for …

Infants of HIV-positive mothers can acquire HIV infection by various routes, but even in the
absence of antiviral treatment, the majority of these infants do not become infected. There is …

Without doubt, one of the greatest medical and public health achievements has been the
significant reduction in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency …

In light of new evidence suggesting that maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection produces at least a three‐fold increase in the number of early spontaneous …

Globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 3.5 million women have been
infected with HIV-1, most of whom are of childbearing age. More than 1 million of the …