Humans are exposed to multiple chemicals on a daily basis instead of to just a single
chemical, yet the majority of existing toxicity data comes from single-chemical exposure …

Humans are typically exposed to low doses of combinations of chemicals rather than to one
or two chemicals at a time, yet most of the available toxicity data provide information on …

Little is known about the potential adverse effects from longterm exposure to complex
mixtures at low doses, close to health-based reference values. Traditional chemical-specific …

The number of anthropogenic chemicals, manufactured, by-products, metabolites and
abiotically formed transformation products, counts to hundreds of thousands, at present …

The assessment of chemical mixtures is a complex topic for toxicologists, regulators, and the
public. In this article the linkage between the science of toxicology and the needs of …

Exposure to multiple substances is a challenge for risk evaluation. Currently, there is an
ongoing debate if generic “mixture assessment/allocation factors”(MAF) should be …

In the environment, organisms are exposed to a diverse array of chemicals in complex
mixtures. The majority of approaches that aim to assess the risk of environmental chemical …

This paper addresses major developments in the safety evaluation of chemical mixtures
during the past 15 years, reviews today's state of the art of mixture toxicology, and discusses …

Current chemicals regulation operates almost exclusively on a chemical-by-chemical basis,
however there is concern that this approach may not be sufficiently protective if two or more …

Although toxicologic studies in the laboratory often focus on a single chemical, in the larger
world, mixtures of chemicals are routinely encountered. Toxicology of Chemical Mixtures …