Rate of nicotine metabolism has been identified as an important factor influencing nicotine
intake and can be estimated using the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a validated …

Introduction: The decrease in smoking rates in North America has plateaued, underscoring
the need for new approaches to treat nicotine dependence. Inter-individual differences in …

Introduction: Smoking remains a worldwide epidemic, and despite an increase in public
acceptance of the harms of tobacco use, it remains the leading cause of preventable death …

Improving and targeting nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) are cost-effective strategies for
reducing adverse health consequences for smokers. Treatment studies document the …

Abstract Background Variation in CYP2A6 activity influences tobacco smoking behaviors
and smoking-related health outcomes. Plasma Nicotine Metabolite Ratio (NMR) is a robust …

Introduction The ratio of trans 3'-hydroxycotinine (3HC) to cotinine (nicotine metabolite ratio
[NMR]) is a biomarker of the rate of nicotine metabolism, with higher NMR indicating faster …

Background: The highly genetically variable enzyme CYP2A6 metabolizes nicotine to
cotinine (COT) and COT to trans-3′-hydroxycotinine (3HC). The nicotine metabolite ratio …

Introduction: Metabolic enzyme variation and other patient and environmental characteristics
influence smoking behaviors, treatment success, and risk of related disease. Population …

Background: The reduction of the nicotine content of cigarettes to nonaddicting levels is a
potential federal regulatory intervention to reduce the prevalence of cigarette smoking and …

Background The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) as measured by the ratio of 3′
hydroxycotinine to cotinine has been examined in relation to tobacco use patterns including …