Effective dose, an indicator of the stochastic effect of radiation, has been widely used in dose
evaluation in the environment. Though conversion factors have been used to obtain E from …

Organ doses for babies, children and adults and doses to foetuses from environmental
gamma rays were calculated using Monte Carlo codes. Firstly, gamma ray fields in the air …

Gamma rays emitted from walls of buildings contribute significantly to the external radiation
exposure of the population. Although the activities of building materials are measurable …

Monte Carlo calculations of the effective dose, E, for external photons have been performed
using anthropomorphic phantoms of six age groups: 0, 1, 5, 10 and 15 years, and adult …

The propagation of environmental gamma rays through the human body was calculated
using the 3-dimensional Monte-Carlo code DISDOS. These calculations were performed …

The organ doses for γ rays from typical environmental sources were determined with Monte
Carlo calculations using anthropomorphic phantoms having different body sizes. It has been …

This work presents conversion coefficients per air kerma free-in-air for the personal dose
equivalent, H p (10), calculated according to its definition by the International Commission …

A practical conversion factor to estimate the value of effective dose equivalent rate in Sv unit
from absorbed dose rate in air in Gy unit was examined for natural gamma radiations. The …

Conversion factors for the dose rate 1 m above the ground level from the measured activities
for different gamma-ray emitters in soil are calculated using the Monte Carlo method. The …

Due to the increasing interest in environmental protection against ionizing radiation on the
international scene, the need for operational tools for radiological environmental risk …