Background Household fuel combustion, particularly of solid fuels in developing countries,
results in high levels of household air pollution (HAP) and exposure to health-damaging …

Background The use of household fuels for cooking, heating and lighting is associated with
a myriad of environmental and health problems, including significant injuries and illnesses …

Almost 3 billion people, in low-and middle-income countries mostly, still rely on solid fuels
(wood, animal dung, charcoal, crop wastes and coal) burned in inefficient and highly …

Inefficient cooking and heating with solid fuels in poorly ventilated homes are a major source
of exposure to indoor air pollution in developing countries. Household air pollution from …

Household air pollution (HAP), arising mainly from the combustion of solid and other
polluting fuels, is responsible for a very substantial public health burden, most recently …

Abstract Background: 2.8 billion people use solid fuels as their primary cooking fuel; the
resulting high levels of household air pollution (HAP) were estimated to cause more than 4 …

About half of the world's population relies on traditional fuels such as biomass (wood,
agricultural residues, animal dung, and charcoal) as the primary source of domestic energy …

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines household air pollution (HAP) as air pollution
generated by household fuel combustion, leading to indoor air pollution and contributing to …

Household use of unprocessed solid fuels (wood, dung, crop residues/grasses, and coal) for
cooking and heating exposes large proportions of people in developing countries to high …

Available studies indicate that indoor air pollution (IAP) from household cooking and space
heating apparently causes substantial ill‐health in developing countries where the majority …