Chronic primary pain (CPP) is a group of diseases with long‐term pain and functional
disorders but without structural or specific tissue pathologies. CPP is becoming a serious …

The treatment and management of chronic pain is a major challenge for clinicians. Chronic
pain is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, and there is a lack of awareness of the …

Preclinical studies coupled with clinical pharmacologic and neuroimaging investigations
have advanced our understanding of brain circuits that modulate pain. Descending pain …

Mechanisms underlying chronic pain differ from those underlying acute pain. In chronic pain
states, central nervous system (CNS) factors appear to play particularly prominent roles. In …

Chronic pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide and its prevalence is likely to
increase over the next decades. Treatment for chronic pain remains insufficient and …

Chronic neuropathic pain is a debilitating ordeal for patients worldwide and
pharmacological treatment efficacy is still limited. As many pharmacological interventions for …

Centralized pain syndromes are associated with changes within the central nervous system
that amplify peripheral input and/or generate the perception of pain in the absence of a …

Background: Emotional disorders are common comorbid affectations that exacerbate the
severity and persistence of chronic pain. Specifically, depressive symptoms can lead to an …

Here we aim to present an accessible review of the pharmacological targets for pain
management, and succinctly discuss the newest trends in pain therapy. A key task for …

Chronic pain, as a stress state, is one of the critical factors for determining depression, and
their coexistence tends to further aggravate the severity of both disorders. Unfortunately …