Background & Aims Although CD8+ T cell exhaustion hampers viral control during chronic
HBV infection, the pool of CD8+ T cells is phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous …

Treatment options for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection are extremely limited. CXCR5+
CD8+ T cell is a novel cell subtype and could possess strong cytotoxic properties in HIV …

Background & Aims During chronic HCV infection, T cell dependent virus-specific antibodies
are produced. However, the role of BT cell interaction in chronic HCV is largely unknown …

It has been suggested that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects not only hepatocytes but also
immune cells, including B cells. HCV infection of B cells is the likely cause of B-cell …

Abstract Background Chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19) is a leukocyte
chemoattractant that plays a crucial role in cell trafficking and leukocyte activation …

Given the clinical significance of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion in chronic
hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, it is critical to elucidate the mechanisms regulating this …

BACKGROUND/AIMS: CXCR3 and CCR5 play a major role in recruiting cytotoxic T cells
(Tc) and secreting secondary type 1 cytokines (Tc1) in the liver. HCV could impair their …

Background T follicular helper (TFH) cells are a special subpopulation of T helper cells and
can regulate humoral immune responses. This study examined whether the frequency of …

Background & Aims The pro-inflammatory chemokine CXCL10 is induced by HCV infection
in vitro and in vivo, and is associated with outcome of IFN (interferon)-based therapy. We …

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is accompanied by
inflammation and fibrosis eventually leading to cirrhosis. The chemokine CXCL12 is …