β-Lactams are the most widely used class of antibiotics. Since the discovery of
benzylpenicillin in the 1920s, thousands of new penicillin derivatives and related β-lactam …

Importance of the field: β-Lactam antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed
antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections. However, their utility is being threatened by the …

The use of successive generations of β-lactams has selected successive generations of β-
lactamases including CTX-M ESBLs, AmpC β-lactamases, and KPC carbapenamases in …

As the incidence of Gram-negative bacterial infections for which few effective treatments
remain increases, so does the contribution of drug-hydrolyzing β-lactamase enzymes to this …

Since the introduction of penicillin, β-lactam antibiotics have been the antimicrobial agents
of choice. Unfortunately, the efficacy of these life-saving antibiotics is significantly threatened …

Abstract β-Lactam antibiotics are one of the most relevant drug classes of antibacterial
agents worldwide. The discovery and the market of first β-lactam antibiotic (Penicillin G) is a …

Penicillin, the first of the β-lactam antibiotics, was introduced into medical practice in the
1940s. Since then, a large number of different β-lactams, including penicillins …

β-lactam antibiotics (BLAs) are crucial molecules among antibacterial drugs, but the
increasing emergence of resistance to them, developed by bacteria producing β-lactamase …

The increasing incidence and prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) among
contemporary Gram-negative bacteria represents a significant threat to human health. Since …

beta-Lactamases constitute the major defense mechanism of pathogenic bacteria against
beta-lactam antibiotics. When the beta-lactam ring of this antibiotic class is hydrolyzed …