Background Infant acute pain and distress is commonplace. Infancy is a period of
exponential development. Unrelieved pain and distress can have implications across the …

BACKGROUND: Hospitalized infants undergo multiple, repeated painful procedures.
Despite continued efforts to prevent procedural pain and improve pain management, clinical …

Problem Current research suggests behavioral and environmental interventions to prevent
neonatal pain prior to an invasive procedure are rarely administered and seldom …

Scientific research in pain will only help patients if it can be effectively disseminated and
implemented. Much attention has been devoted in recent years to the insufficient progress …

Introduction The 2011 IOM report stated that pain management in children is often lacking
especially during routine medical procedures. The purpose of this review is to bring a …

Background Pain in the neonate is associated with acute behavioural and physiological
changes. Cumulative pain is associated with morbidities, including adverse …

Objective To develop evidence-based guidelines for preventing or treating neonatal pain
and its adverse consequences. Compared with older children and adults, neonates are …

Pain is a major problem in sick newborn infants, especially for those needing intensive care.
Pharmacological pain relief is the most commonly used, but might be ineffective and has …

Neonates have blood work for newborn screening in their first days of life, and preterm and
sick hospitalized infants often require repeated invasive needle-related procedures over the …

Objectives: During hospitalization in neonatal intensive care units, neonates are exposed to
many painful procedures within a stressful environment. To date, many evidence-based …