Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury has been associated with several retinal pathologies, and a
few genes/gene products have been linked to IR injury. However, the big picture of temporal …

Background Inflammation and the excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of ischemic retinopathies such as diabetic …

Retinal neurodegenerative disease involves an inflammatory response in the retina
characterized by an increase in inflammatory cytokines and activation of microglia. The …

Abstract In Sprague-Dawley rats, retinal ischemia was induced by occlusion of the central
retinal artery, while reperfusion was initiated by unclamping and removing the occluder …

Activation of Microglia/macrophages has been observed in ischemia-reperfusion injury of
the brain. This study was undertaken to investigate the different subpopulations of microglia …

Background Microglia reactivity is a hallmark of retinal degenerations and overwhelming
microglial responses contribute to photoreceptor death. Minocycline, a semi-synthetic …

Retinal ischemia is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness. At the cellular
level, ischemic retinal injury consists of a self-reinforcing destructive cascade involving …

purpose. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a mediator of neuronal cell death and survival in
ischemia–reperfusion injury. This study was conducted to further elucidate the role of TNF-α …

purpose. A brief period of noninjurious retinal ischemia, termed preconditioning, has been
documented in rats to afford transient protection from retinal ischemic injury, a phenomenon …

Diabetic retinopathy, characterized as a microangiopathy and neurodegenerative disease,
is the leading cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients. Many clinical features …