Background. Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of mortality in patients with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however, are rarely considered in prediction …

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the impact of cardiovascular …

(1) Background: Mortality is a major outcome in research on chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) with various predictors described. However, the dynamic courses of …

Introduction Comorbidities are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). Estimates of prevalence, incidence and prognostic impact of comorbidities …

Objective: To identify predictors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity
and assess the relation between COPD severity and risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Study …

Aim. To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cardiovascular
mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Material. COPD …

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the association of comorbid heart disease,
defined as chronic heart failure or ischemic heart disease, on all-cause and cause-specific …

Background Current risk factors for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease mortality focus
only on overall and respiratory death. We investigated whether risk factors for each specific …

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients present a high
prevalence of cardiovascular disease. This excess of comorbidity could be related to a …

PURPOSE: To measure prevalence, incidence, and mortality of cardiovascular outcomes
among persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to assess the …