Background HIV expansion is controlled by a range of interrelated factors, including the
natural history of HIV infection and socio-economical and structural factors. However, how …

Background: HIV epidemics have traditionally been classified as “concentrated” among key
populations if overall HIV prevalence was below 1% and as “generalized” otherwise. We …

Objectives To describe the epidemiological situation of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and to
identify the main drivers for vulnerability in Madagascar. Design Literature review, qualitative …

Objective: To determine if the differences in risk behaviours, the proportions of males
circumcised and prevalences of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) observed in two …

Background A key conclusion of the Four Cities Study, carried out to explore reasons for
heterogeneity in the HIV epidemic between two cities in sub-Saharan Africa with relatively …

Objective: To examine the association between HIV infection and patterns of sexual
behaviour and other risk factors in a rural Tanzanian population in a case–control study …

Background Growing evidence suggests significant geographic clustering of male
circumcision (MC) in Tanzania. The impact of spatial heterogeneity of MC prevalence on HIV …

Abstract Background: Approximately 25.5 million individuals are infected with HIV in sub-
Saharan Africa (SSA). Epidemics in this region are generalized, show substantial …

The HIV pandemic has disproportionately impacted sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Africa
in particular. The concurrent presence of overlapping epidemic drivers likely underpins how …

Background The most severe HIV epidemics worldwide occur in Lesotho, Botswana and
Swaziland. Here we focus on the Lesotho epidemic, which has received little attention. We …