Studies worldwide have demonstrated the occurrence of feminized male fish at sites
impacted by human and animal wastes. A variety of chemicals could contribute to this …

The presence of endocrine active compounds such as estrogens in treated wastewater
effluent and their effects on aquatic life are causing concern among aquatic resource …

The most potent chemicals potentially causing adverse effects on fish species are estrogens
in human waste. Sewage is a source of these estrogens and it is difficult to reduce. In …

Municipal wastewaters are a complex mixture containing estrogens and estrogen mimics
that are known to affect the reproductive health of wild fishes. Male fishes downstream of …

17-β-Estradiol is naturally converted in numerous organisms to various derivatives/
metabolites, which may be excreted from the organism into its immediate external …

Environmental oestrogens are natural or synthetic substances present in the environment,
which imitate the effects of endogenous oestrogen. Oestrogenic substances were identified …

The synthetic estrogen 17α‐ethynylestradiol (EE2) is a commonly used oral contraceptive
that has been increasingly detected in sewage effluents. This study determined whether EE2 …

Recent research has shown that low concentrations of natural and synthetic oestrogens are
present in sewage treatment works effluents. However, the effects of these oestrogens on …

Environmental contaminants with estrogenic activity have recently received attention
because of their potential effects on the reproductive efficiency of humans and wildlife. This …

Gonadal intersex and high prevalences of the female phenotype have been observed in fish
populations in urbanized areas. Environmental estrogens discharged in sewage treatment …