The role of CD4 T cell help in primary and secondary CD8 T cell responses to infectious
pathogens remains incompletely defined. The primary CD8 T response to infections was …

Chronic viral infections often result in T cell exhaustion. To determine the molecular
signature of exhaustion, we compared the gene-expression profiles of dysfunctional …

Reinvigorating the function of exhausted CD8+ T cells during chronic viral infection and
cancer is a major goal of current immunotherapy regimens. Here, we discuss recent …

Persistent CMV infection has been associated with immune senescence. To address the
causal impact of lifelong persistent viral infection on immune homeostasis and defense, we …

In this report we have inspected whether difficulties in controlling viral infections negatively
impacts the generation of CD127 high memory T cells. Using both MHC class I and II …

In the present study, naive T cells were compared with in vivo generated effector and
memory T cells expressing the same TCR specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus …

Exhausted T cells express multiple co-inhibitory molecules that impair their function and limit
immunity to chronic viral infection. Defining novel markers of exhaustion is important both for …

To design successful vaccines for chronic diseases, an understanding of memory CD8+ T
cell responses to persistent antigen restimulation is critical. However, most studies …

These findings suggest that strategies aimed at reducing the pool of latently infected cells
should interfere with the survival pathways responsible for the long-term maintenance of …

In the course of an immune response to an infectious microbe, pathogen-specific naïve
CD4+ T cells proliferate extensively and differentiate into effector cells. Most of these cells …