For acute self-limiting infections a vaccine is successful if it elicits memory at least as good
as the natural experience; however, for persistent and chronic infections such as HIV …

Many vaccination strategies and immune cell therapies aim at increasing the numbers of
memory T cells reactive to protective antigens. However, the differentiation lineage and …

Acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/human immunodeficiency virus infection is
accompanied by a massive destruction of CD4 memory T cells across all the tissue …

For viruses that establish persistent infection, continuous immunosurveillance by effector-
competent antiviral CD8+ T cells is likely essential for limiting viral replication. Although it is …

Immunization in the absence of CD4+ T cell help results in defective CD8+ T cell memory,
deficient recall responses and diminished protective immunity. Here we investigated at what …

In response to infection, CD8+ T cells integrate multiple signals and undergo an exponential
increase in cell numbers. Simultaneously, a dynamic differentiation process occurs, resulting …

Memory CD8 T cells, generated by natural pathogen exposure or intentional vaccination,
protect the host against specific viral infections. It has long been proposed that the number of …

Previous studies have shown that some respiratory virus infections leave local populations
of tissue TRM cells in the lungs which disappear as heterosubtypic immunity declines. The …

Long-lived memory T cells are able to persist in the host in the absence of antigen; however,
the mechanism by which they are maintained is not well understood. Recently, a subset of …

The CD8+ memory T cell population is heterogeneous, and it is unclear which subset (s)
optimally mediate the central goal of the immune system—protection against infection. Here …