Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive loss of renal function and the leading
cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Despite optimal therapy, many patients progress …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive loss of renal function and the leading
cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Despite optimal therapy, many patients progress …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a substantial global public health challenge, with
high morbidity and mortality. CKD patients often experience dyslipidaemia and poor …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common complications of diabetes, and its
prevalence is still growing rapidly. However, the efficient therapies for this kidney disease …

Kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD),
have become critical clinical, socioeconomic, and public health concerns worldwide. The …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus, primarily
arising from type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and can progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a debilitating pathology with various causal factors,
culminating in end stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation …

Kidney diseases are serious public problems with high morbidity and mortality in the general
population and heavily retard renal function with aging regardless of the cause. Although …

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex group of metabolic disorders syndrome with
hypertension, hyperuricemia and disorders of glucose or lipid metabolism. As an important …

The global increase in the incidence of kidney failure constitutes a major public health
problem. Kidney disease is classified into acute and chronic: acute kidney injury (AKI) is …