The gut–brain axis embodies the bi-directional communication between the gastrointestinal
tract and the central nervous system (CNS), where vagal afferent neurons (VANs) serve as …

Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) reside within specialized niches at the crypt base and
harbor self-renewal and differentiation capacities. ISCs in the crypt base are sustained by …

Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are an essential interface between the gut and brain that
communicate signals about nutrients, pain, and even information from our microbiome …

While bidirectional brain–gut interactions are well known mechanisms for the regulation of
gut function in both healthy and diseased states, a role of the enteric flora—including both …

Sustaining a balanced intestinal microbial community is critical for maintaining intestinal
health and preventing chronic inflammation. The gut is a highly dynamic environment …

The gut microbiota has the capacity to affect host appetite via intestinal satiety pathways, as
well as complex feeding behaviors. In this Review, we highlight recent evidence that the gut …

The intestinal mucosa serves both as a conduit for the uptake of food-derived nutrients and
microbiome-derived metabolites, and as a barrier that prevents tissue invasion by …

An intact gut epithelium preserves the immunological exclusion of “non-self” entities in the
external environment of the gut lumen. Nonetheless, information flows continuously across …

Background The microbiome is essential for normal myenteric intrinsic primary afferent
neuron (IPAN) excitability. These neurons control gut motility and modulate gut–brain …

The gastrointestinal tract is densely innervated by a complex network of neurons that
coordinate critical physiological functions. Here, we summarize recent studies investigating …