This study is part of a Nuffield Foundation-funded project aimed at developing primary
children's understanding of mathematics via the use of visual representations. As part of this …

How should multiplication be defined in the elementary school mathematics program? How
do children conceptualize mutiplicative situations prior to classroom instruction in …

The empty numberline (ENL) was introduced as a new model in Realistic Mathematics
Education (RME), after discussions in the Netherlands how best to improve the basic skills …

A model of subtraction development and the computing difficulties and research issues
suggested by the model are outlined. It is argued that, in order to mentally compute the …

Learning to calculate with natural numbers by structuring seems promising but how this can
be taught in a sustainable manner remains an open question. An eight-month-long …

Fifteen elementary and secondary teacher candidates solved sixteen integer addition and
subtraction problems during think-aloud interviews. Investigators further probed participants' …

This book identifies and examines two big ideas and related essential understandings for
teaching multiplication and division in grades 3-5. Big Idea 1 captures the notion that …

A theory of the cognitive processes involved in doing and learning place value arithmetic is
proposed. The theory is embodied in a computer model that simulates the learning of …

The issue of how young children learn arithmetic has generated considerable research that
focuses upon the child as an active “meaning maker” in the process of learning …

The performance of third-and fourth-grade children in solving simple multiplication and
division sentences was examined in relation to certain status and mathematical factors …