Epidemiologic studies have previously suggested that premenopausal females have
reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) when compared to age-matched males …

Estrogens in vascular biology and disease: where do we stand... : Current Opinion in
Lipidology Estrogens in vascular biology and disease: where do we stand today? : Current …

As early as the 1950s, animal studies showed that exogenous estrogen could inhibit
coronary atherosclerosis. Since then, additional animal studies have helped to further …

Objectives: Cardiovascular disease is rare in premenopausal women, but increases after the
menopause when hormone replacement therapy reduces coronary events. Vascular smooth …

Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest vascular protective effects of estrogen.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is less common in premenopausal women than in men and …

Epidemiological studies show a reduction in cardiovascular disease with postmenopausal
oestrogen use. Oestrogens have been shown to have both metabolic effects and direct …

Whereas hormonal replacement/menopause therapy (HRT) in post-menopausal women
increases the coronary artery risk, epidemiological studies (protection in pre-menopaused …

Estradiol may be cardioprotective; however, the mechanisms involved remain unclear.
Recent findings that estradiol attenuates neointima formation in estrogen receptor knockout …

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is uncommon in premenopausal women compared with men
of similar age, but its incidence increases after the menopause to reach that of men. There is …

Estrogens, and in particular 17β-estradiol (E2), play a pivotal role in sexual development
and reproduction and are also implicated in a large number of physiological processes …