Living in challenging environments can influence the behavior of animals in a number of
ways. For instance, populations of prey fish that experience frequent, nonlethal interactions …

While differences in individual personality are common in animal populations,
understanding the ecological significance of variation has not yet been resolved. Evidence …

The temperament of animals can vary among individuals and among populations, but it is
often unclear whether spatial variation in temperament is the result of acclimation to local …

Behavioral variation has been documented both between and within populations in a variety
of traits. Many of these behavioral traits are phenotypically plastic and are conditional on the …

Individuals show consistent differences in their approach to novel tasks (ie,“cognitive
syndromes”), whereby “fast” individuals are bold and solve new problems quickly compared …

Recent studies on consistent individual differences in behavioural tendencies (animal
personality) raised the question of whether individual differences in cognitive abilities can be …

Behavioral syndromes often have individuals varying along a continuum of personality traits.
Some individuals exhibit bold or aggressive behaviors and are willing to explore novel …

Most species are at risk of predation during some, if not all, phases of their lives. As a result,
there exists strong selection pressure for early detection and avoidance of potential …

Consistent individual differences in behavioural responses to perceived predation risk may
have extensive ecological and evolutionary implications. We studied the repeatability of …

In many animals, individual differences in behavior show remarkable consistency across
situations and contexts (ie, animal personality and behavioral syndromes). Studies on the …