3 Heart failure (HF) poses a significant public health challenge as a primary cause of
morbidity and 4 mortality worldwide. Even though HF with preserved ejection fraction …

The ketogenic diet is a carbohydrate-restricted diet that increases endogenous production of
ketone bodies and induces ketosis (defined as beta-hydroxybutyrate [bOHB] $0.5 mmol/L). 1 …

The high energy demands of the heart are met primarily by the mitochondrial oxidation of
fatty acids and glucose. However, in heart failure there is a decrease in cardiac …

Aims Cardiac energy metabolism is perturbed in ischaemic heart failure and is characterized
by a shift from mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to glycolysis. Notably, the failing heart …

Aims Ketones have been proposed to be a 'thrifty'fuel for the heart and increasing cardiac
ketone oxidation can be cardioprotective. However, it is unclear how much ketone oxidation …

Growing evidence suggests that the utilization of ketone bodies increases in the heart during
hypertrophy and heart failure; however, how the increased utilization of ketone bodies …

The answer was fascinating because it revealed that organs talk to each other not only
through hormones but also through metabolites. This much we know about the wisdom of …

Interest in the myocardial effects of exogenous ketones in both healthy and disease states
has grown significantly in recent years. 1 The human myocardium requires 35 L of oxygen to …

690 Circulation February 23, 2016 failing heart. Because ketone availability is a primary
determinant of ketone utilization, these observations suggest that impaired systemic …

Chances are that everyone knows about the heart's oxygen requirement, but few would
consider the heart's metabolism of energy-providing substrates a big issue. Since the …