Although vaccination is historically one of the most successful strategies for the prevention of
infectious diseases, development of vaccines for cancer and many chronic infections, such …

Vaccination using nanocarrier-based delivery systems has recently emerged as a promising
approach for meeting the continued challenge posed by infectious diseases and cancer. A …

Infectious diseases, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has
brought the world to a standstill, are emerging at an unprecedented rate with a substantial …

Subunit vaccination benefits from improved safety over attenuated or inactivated vaccines,
but their limited capability to elicit long-lasting, concerted cellular and humoral immune …

Nanosized particles including nanovaccines are a novel approach to the development of
vaccines to combat diseases. Nanovaccines have the promise to utilize the immune system …

Nanotechnology increasingly plays a significant role in vaccine development. As vaccine
development orientates toward less immunogenic “minimalist” compositions, formulations …

The failure of immune responses to vaccines and dysfunctional immune responses to viral
infection, tumor development, or neoantigens lead to chronic viral infection, tumor …

As effective tools for public health, vaccines prevent disease by priming the body's adaptive
and innate immune responses against an infection. Due to advances in understanding …

Vaccination is still the most cost-effective way to combat infectious illnesses. Conventional
vaccinations may have low immunogenicity and, in most situations, only provide partial …

Despite the great success of vaccines over two centuries, the conventional strategy is based
on attenuated/altered microorganisms. However, this is not effective for all microbes and …