The spatial relationship between violent crime and alcohol outlets is well documented. Yet, it
is unclear whether on-or off-premises alcohol outlets have greater effects on violent crime …

Background While there are overwhelming data supporting the association between alcohol
outlet density and violent crime, there remain conflicting findings about whether on‐or off …

Alcohol outlets tend to cluster in lower income neighborhoods and do so disproportionately
in areas with more residents of color. This study explores the association between on-and off …

Objectives. Despite the increasing evidence of the associations between alcohol availability
and violence, there are still inconsistent findings on the effects of on‐and off‐sale alcohol …

Aims. While there is substantial evidence of an association between alcohol outlet density
and assault, it is unlikely this association is constant across the urban environment. This …

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the association between alcohol outlet density and
violence controlling for alcohol expenditures and the density of other retailers. Methods …

Background Numerous studies have found that areas with higher alcohol establishment
density are more likely to have higher violent crime rates, but many of these studies did not …

Aims Empirical tests of relationships between alcohol outlets and violence are generally
conducted with statistical controls for correlates related to characteristics of people and the …

Background Alcohol related violence continues to be a major public health problem in the
United States. In particular, there is substantial evidence of an association between alcohol …

Background The objective of this analysis was to compare measurement methods—counts,
proximity, mean distance, and spatial access—of calculating alcohol outlet density and …