THE potential of the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) as a tool for the high-resolution
manipulation of surfaces and surface-adsorbed phases has been amply demonstrated1–5 …

Abstract Scanning tunnelling microscopy1–3 (STM) can provide atomic-resolution images of
surfaces in vacuum4, 5, air6 and liquids7, 8. One of the most appealing aspects of such …

THE scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) is now an established tool for the study of
ordered metal and semiconductor surfaces on an atomic scale1, 2. Here we demonstrate the …

SINCE its invention in the early 1980s by Binnig and Rohrer1, 2, the scanning tunnelling
microscope (STM) has provided images of surfaces and adsorbed atoms and molecules …

A general method of manipulating adsorbed atoms and molecules on room-temperature
surfaces with the use of a scanning tunneling microscope is described. By applying an …

Using the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) to mechanically manipulate
individual atoms and molecules on a surface is now a well established procedure,. Similarly …

The desire to modify materials on the smallest possible scale is motivated by goals ranging
from high-density information storage to the purposeful transformation of genetic material …

THE scanning tunnelling microscope1 (STM) has been employed in recent years in attempts
to develop atomic-scale electronic devices, both by examining device-like characteristics in …

The scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) relies on localized electron tunnelling between a
sharp probe tip and a conducting sample to attain atomic-scale spatial resolution. In the 25 …

Since the realization that the tips of scanning probe microscopes can interact with atoms at
surfaces, there has been much interest in the possibility of building or modifying …