Over the last six decades, lithium has been considered the gold standard treatment for the
long-term management of bipolar disorder due to its efficacy in preventing both manic and …

Metal ions are critical to a wide range of biological processes. Among them, lithium (Li) has
been recognised for its benefit as a treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). However, we are yet …

Although mood disorders have traditionally been conceptualized as “neurochemical
disorders,” considerable literature from a variety of sources demonstrates significant …

Maintenance of cellular calcium homeostasis is critical to regulating mitochondrial ATP
production and cardiac contraction. The ion channel known as the L-type calcium channel is …

Mitochondria are pivotal organelles in calcium (Ca2+) handling and signalling, constituting
intracellular checkpoints for numerous processes that are vital for cell life. Alterations in …

Calcium is an extraordinarily versatile signaling ion, encoding cellular responses to a wide
variety of external stimuli. In neurons, mitochondria can accumulate enormous amounts of …

Mitochondria possess a remarkable ability to rapidly accumulate and sequester Ca2+. One
of the mechanisms responsible for this ability is believed to be the rapid mode (RaM) of …

The monovalent cation lithium, whose introduction in psychiatry dates back at the end of the
1940s, remains the first-line agent in the management of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) …

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a
progressive loss of cognitive function. Currently, no effective treatment regimen is available …

Early studies have shown that moderate levels of calcium overload can cause lower
oxidative phosphorylation rates. However, the mechanistic interpretations of these findings …