Sensitivity of between-study heterogeneity in meta-analysis: proposed metrics and empirical evaluation
NA Patsopoulos, E Evangelou… - International journal of …, 2008 - academic.oup.com
Background Several approaches are available for evaluating heterogeneity in meta-
analysis. Sensitivity analyses are often used, but these are often implemented in various non …
analysis. Sensitivity analyses are often used, but these are often implemented in various non …
Commentary: Heterogeneity in meta-analysis should be expected and appropriately quantified
JPT Higgins - International journal of epidemiology, 2008 - academic.oup.com
It is generally accepted that meta-analyses should assess heterogeneity, which may be
defined as the presence of variation in true effect sizes underlying the different studies. This …
defined as the presence of variation in true effect sizes underlying the different studies. This …
Predicting the extent of heterogeneity in meta-analysis, using empirical data from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
RM Turner, J Davey, MJ Clarke… - International journal …, 2012 - academic.oup.com
Background Many meta-analyses contain only a small number of studies, which makes it
difficult to estimate the extent of between-study heterogeneity. Bayesian meta-analysis …
difficult to estimate the extent of between-study heterogeneity. Bayesian meta-analysis …
Alternative measures of between‐study heterogeneity in meta‐analysis: reducing the impact of outlying studies
Meta‐analysis has become a widely used tool to combine results from independent studies.
The collected studies are homogeneous if they share a common underlying true effect size; …
The collected studies are homogeneous if they share a common underlying true effect size; …
Quantifying the impact of between‐study heterogeneity in multivariate meta‐analyses
Measures that quantify the impact of heterogeneity in univariate meta‐analysis, including the
very popular I2 statistic, are now well established. Multivariate meta‐analysis, where studies …
very popular I2 statistic, are now well established. Multivariate meta‐analysis, where studies …
Comment on: Heterogeneity in meta-analysis should be expected and appropriately quantified
MD Coory - International journal of epidemiology, 2010 - academic.oup.com
Higgins1 in his commentary on the study by Patsopoulos and coworkers2 outlines some of
the limitations of I2 in assessing heterogeneity in a metaanalysis. These limitations have …
the limitations of I2 in assessing heterogeneity in a metaanalysis. These limitations have …
GOSH–a graphical display of study heterogeneity
I Olkin, IJ Dahabreh… - Research synthesis …, 2012 - Wiley Online Library
Estimates from individual studies included in a meta‐analysis often are not in agreement,
giving rise to statistical heterogeneity. In such cases, exploration of the causes of …
giving rise to statistical heterogeneity. In such cases, exploration of the causes of …
Undue reliance on I 2 in assessing heterogeneity may mislead
G Rücker, G Schwarzer, JR Carpenter… - BMC medical research …, 2008 - Springer
Background The heterogeneity statistic I 2, interpreted as the percentage of variability due to
heterogeneity between studies rather than sampling error, depends on precision, that is, the …
heterogeneity between studies rather than sampling error, depends on precision, that is, the …
The heterogeneity statistic I2 can be biased in small meta-analyses
PT von Hippel - BMC medical research methodology, 2015 - Springer
Background Estimated effects vary across studies, partly because of random sampling error
and partly because of heterogeneity. In meta-analysis, the fraction of variance that is due to …
and partly because of heterogeneity. In meta-analysis, the fraction of variance that is due to …
Evolution of Heterogeneity (I2) Estimates and Their 95% Confidence Intervals in Large Meta-Analyses
Background Assessment of heterogeneity is essential in systematic reviews and meta-
analyses of clinical trials. The most commonly used heterogeneity measure, I2, provides an …
analyses of clinical trials. The most commonly used heterogeneity measure, I2, provides an …