Cells from the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) act as systemic and local amplifiers
that contribute to the progression of chronic inflammatory disorders. Transforming growth …

T helper 17 (Th17) cells protect against fungal and bacterial infections and are implicated in
autoimmunity. Several long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNA) are induced during Th17 …

TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
kinase (MAP3K) family, is considered a key intermediate in a multitude of innate immune …

Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) is a key upstream kinase in cell
signaling during inflammation, which regulates the expression of inflammatory mediators …

Immune challenge of invading macrophages at sites of infection is associated with release
of TNF, which triggers a local cytokine storm as part of the normal inflammatory response …

Glucocorticoids potently attenuate the production of inflammatory mediators by
macrophages, a primary effector of innate immunity. Activation of different macrophage Toll …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are a major supportive component within neoplasms
and are characterized by a plethora of functions that facilitate tumor outgrowth. Mechanisms …

The transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activating protein-1 (AP-1) are critical
regulators of stress responses, immunity, inflammation and cancer. A large variety of cellular …

Abstract T helper 17 (Th17) cells are a subset of CD4+ T helper cells involved in the
inflammatory response in autoimmunity. Th17 cells secrete Th17 specific cytokines, such as …

Reversible ubiquitin modification of cell signaling molecules has emerged as a critical
mechanism by which cells respond to extracellular stimuli. Although ubiquitination of TGF-β …