It is becoming increasingly recognized that experimental animal models, while useful to
address monothematic biological questions, bear unpredictable relevance to human …

During the last two decades, two main schools of modern immunotherapy have come to the
forefront. The chimeric anti-CD20 antibody rituximab that was introduced for the treatment of …

complexity of disease heterogeneity affected by the host's genetic background and the
rapidly evolving phenotypes of human disease, whether in the form of cancer or virally …

My research career has focused on complex experimental systems, principally virus-induced
infectious processes. I have always run my own experimental program and never had a …

While inbred mice have informed most of what we know about the immune system in the
modern era, they have clear limitations with respect to their ability to be informative …

In the last century, a series of great discoveries has revolutionized medical inquiry and
treatment. Our profession has entered a new epoch, approaching the body's systems and …

The main advances in immunology have been forged or underpinned by animal
experiments. However, animal research now focuses excessively on one laboratory species …

Presenting the marvels of immunity | Nature Reviews Immunology Skip to main content Thank
you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To …

The science of immunology emerged in the last of the 19th and the first of the 20th century.
Substantial progress in physics, chemistry and microbiology was essential for its …

Studying the human immune system is challenging. These challenges stem from the
complexity of the immune system itself, the heterogeneity of the immune system between …