The effects of degeneration and surgery on cervical spine mechanics are commonly
evaluated through in vitro testing and finite element models derived from these tests. The …

While abnormal loading is widely believed to cause cervical spine disc diseases, in vivo
cervical disc deformation during dynamic neck motion has not been well delineated. This …

In vitro testing has been conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the
biomechanics of the cervical spine. This has allowed a characterization of the stability of the …

Advanced computational human body models (HBM) enabling enhanced safety require
verification and validation at different levels or scales. Specifically, the motion segments …

Numerical finite element (FE) models of the neck have been developed to simulate occupant
response and predict injury during motor vehicle collisions. However, there is a paucity of …

Current understanding of the biomechanics of cervical spine injuries in head-first impact is
based on decades of epidemiology, mathematical models, and in vitro experimental studies …

Approximately 50% of women and 25% of men will have an osteoporosis-related fracture
after the age of 50, yet the micromechanical origin of these fractures remains unclear …

Computational musculoskeletal models have been developed to predict mechanical joint
loads on the human spine, such as the forces and moments applied to vertebral and facet …

Contemporary finite element (FE) neck models are developed in a neutral posture; however,
evaluation of injury risk for out-of-position impacts requires neck model repositioning to non …

Intervertebral translations and rotations are likely dependent on intervertebral stiffness
properties. The objective of this study was to incorporate realistic intervertebral stiffnesses in …