The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) region of the
prefrontal cortex form an interconnected neural circuit that may mediate certain types of …

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the basolateral amygdala (BLA), and the dopamine in
the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are part of a neural system that is critically involved in making …

We conducted a series of experiments to elucidate the role of rat medial frontal cortex
(MFC)(including prelimbic, infralimbic, and cingulate cortices) in effort-based decision …

Personal success often requires the choice to expend greater effort for larger rewards, and
deficits in such effortful decision making accompany a number of illnesses including …

Impairments in decision making about risks and rewards have been observed in patients
with amygdala damage. Similarly, lesions of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in rodents …

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been implicated in encoding whether or not an
action is worth performing in view of the expected benefit and the cost of performing the …

Optimal decision-making often requires an assessment of the costs and benefits associated
with each available course of action. Previous studies have shown that lesions to the …

The rat medial frontal cortex (MFC) has been implicated in allowing animals to work harder
to receive larger rewards. However, it is unknown what role the individual MFC regions …

Research on the neural basis that underlies decision making in humans has revealed that
these processes are mediated by distributed neural networks that incorporate different …

Highlights•There are multiple signals in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).•ACC activity reflects
value of behavioural change even after controlling for difficulty.•ACC activity reflects …