Platinum-based catalysts represent a state of the art in the electrocatalysis of oxygen
reduction reaction (ORR) from the point of view of their activity and durability in harnessing …

One of the critical issues in the industrial development of fuel cells (eg, proton exchange
membrane fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells and biofuel cells) is the high cost, serious …

Accelerating the rate-limiting oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode remains the
foremost issue for the commercialization of fuel cells. Transition metal–nitrogen–carbon (M …

The design and development of a new economically viable electrocatalyst for the cathodic
reduction of oxygen in fuel cells and metal–air batteries is of significant interest. The high …

Due to the energy crisis and increasing scarcity of noble metals, sustainable non-precious
metal or metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) are attracting more …

Pt‐based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are the topic of extensive
and intensive research since a few decades. Nevertheless, the scarcity of these Pt‐based …

Electrocatalysis for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode plays a critical role
in fuel cells and metal-air batteries. However, the high-cost and sluggish kinetics of the …

Abstract Development of alternative energy sources is crucial to tackle challenges
encountered by the growing global energy demand. Hydrogen fuel, a promising way to store …

It remains a challenge to develop efficient noble metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen
reduction reaction (ORR) in various renewable energy systems. Single atom catalysts have …

PGM-free (platinum group metal) electrocatalysts are intensively investigated and used as
low-cost catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the field of fuel cells, but further …