Key points• Proteins are more satiating than fats or lipids. Proteins are built by the 20
proteogenic amino acids.• Here, we identified l‐arginine, l‐lysine and l‐glutamic acid as the …

Background Rapid progress is being made in understanding the brainprocessing and
related psychology of the sensory properties of food, and how the satiety (fullness) signals …

Appetite is regulated by a complex system of central and peripheral signals which interact in
order to modulate the individual response to nutrient ingestion. Peripheral regulation …

Expression of the proto-oncogene protein c-Fos was evaluated immunocytochemically in
individual brain cells as a marker of treatment-related neuronal activation following …

Neuroscience techniques have made major contributions to the understanding of appetitive
behavior. Highlights in six areas are summarized to illustrate progress during the 25 years of …

In the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase in academic and pharmaceutical
interest in central integration of vago-vagal reflexes controlling the gastrointestinal tract …

The gut is now recognized as a major regulator of motivational and emotional states.
However, the relevant gut-brain neuronal circuitry remains unknown. We show that optical …

The importance of the enteric nervous system for coordinating and programming the
digestive modes of the gastrointestinal effecters is well recognized. Attention has been …

Although the gastrointestinal tract contains intrinsic neural plexuses that allow a significant
degree of independent control over gastrointestinal functions, the central nervous system …

Vagal afferents are extensively distributed in the digestive tract from the oesophagus to the
colon. They are involved in the reflex control of normal gastrointestinal (GI) tract function (eg …