Minocycline is a semisynthetic, tetracycline derivative that exerts anti‐inflammatory and
neuroprotective effects unrelated to its anti‐microbial action. We have previously shown that …

Background In addition to its classical effects on opioid receptors, morphine can activate glia
and stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory immune molecules which in turn counteract …

Minocycline is commonly used to inhibit microglial activation. It is widely accepted that
activated microglia exert dual functions, that is, pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory …

Previous studies have suggested that minocycline can attenuate cognitive deficits in animal
models of conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and cerebral ischemia through inhibiting …

Tetracyclines are natural or semi-synthetic bacteriostatic agents which have been used
since late 1940s against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and …

Background Depression is a heterogeneous disorder, with the exact neuronal mechanisms
causing the disease yet to be discovered. Recent work suggests it is accompanied by neuro …

We have previously demonstrated that glial inhibitors reduce the development of allodynia
and hyperalgesia, potentiating the effect of a single morphine dose in a neuropathic pain …

A major challenge in medicine is developing potent pain therapies without the adverse
effects of opiates. Neuroinflammation and in particular microglial activation have been …

Despite many advances, our understanding of the involvement of prodynorphin systems in
the development of neuropathic pain is not fully understood. Recent studies suggest an …

Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is widely used for the treatment of
chronic viral hepatitis and malignancy, because of its immune-activating, antiviral, and …