Over the years, betel quid chewing and tobacco use have attracted considerable interest as
they are implicated as the most likely causative risk factors of oral and esophageal cancers …

There are about 600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers in the world. BQ chewing is associated
with increased incidence of oral cancer and submucous fibrosis. In this study, areca nut (AN) …

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer
worldwide, and tobacco is one of the most common factors for HNSCC of the oral cavity. We …

Betel nut, the fruit of Areca catechu L, has a long medical history in Southeast Asia. It is
native to Malaysia and is cultivated and processed extensively in subtropical regions, such …

Betel quid (BQ) is a package of mixed constituents that is chewed by more than 600 million
people worldwide, particularly in Asia. The formulation of BQ depends on a variety of factors …

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the association between tobacco consumption
(kretek) and betel quid chewing with oral cancer risk. Materials and Methods: A total of 81 …

Tobacco smoking, betel quid chewing and alcohol drinking are oral cancer risk factors.
Observational studies unanimously report that oral cancer risk in smoking-drinking-chewing …

Epidemiological evidence suggests that chewing betel quid and smoking have synergistic
potential in the development of oral squamous-cell carcinoma in Taiwan. Chewing betel …

The International Agency for Research on Cancer declared that areca nut was carcinogenic
to human. Areca nut is the main component of betel quid (BQ), which is commonly …

Approximately 600 million people worldwide practise the carcinogenic habit of betel nut/quid
chewing. Carcinogenic N‐nitroso compounds have been identified in saliva or urine of betel …