Emerging reports reveal that activating Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2)–MyD88 signals in CD8 T
lymphocytes enhances cytokine production and cytotoxicity; however, the signaling pathway …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors that play a bridging
role in innate immunity and adaptive immunity. The activated TLRs not only induce …

As an evolutionarily conserved mechanism, innate immunity controls self-nonself
discrimination to protect a host from invasive pathogens. Macrophages are major …

Imiquimod and resiquimod represent Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and 8 agonists, which
emerged as attractive candidates for tumor therapy. To elucidate immune cells, which mainly …

Sézary syndrome (SS) is a leukemic variant of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), and the
neoplastic CD4+ T cells of SS patients undergo intense clonal proliferation. Although Sézary …

We have previously shown that Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists contribute to the control of
viral infection by augmenting virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. It is also well established …

Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as the most important pattern recognition receptors in
innate immunity, play a pivotal role in inducing immune response through recognition of …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are part of the innate immune response. TLRs work through two
pathways: Adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) to activate transcription …

Dendritic cells (DC) produce interleukin-12 (IL-12) in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR)
activation. Two major TLR signaling pathways participate in the response to pathogens: the …

Introduction: Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8 are functionally localized to endosomes
and recognize specific RNA sequences. They play crucial roles in initiating innate and …