Abnormalities of thyroid hormone concentrations are seen commonly in a wide variety of
nonthyroidal illnesses, resulting in low triiodothyronine, total thyroxine, and thyroid …

In this review, we discuss the characteristics, pathophysiology, and therapeutic implications
of the euthyroid sick syndrome. Multiple mechanisms have been identified to contribute to …

The term Euthyroid Sick Syndrome (ESS) has been used for over 30 years to describe a
pattern of thyroid hormone alterations during non-thyroidal illness [1]. The degree of thyroid …

This article briefly summarizes thyroid function alterations generally seen in the euthyroid
sick syndrome, provides an overview of specific thyroidal adaptations during several clinical …

T4 originates exclusively from the thyroid gland. In general, serum T4 levels decrease during
ESS (also referred to as non-thyroidal illness-NTI). This could potentially be explained by …

ABNORMALITIES IN THYROID HORMONE HOMEOSTASIS occur in a variety of
nonthyroidal illnesses. A decreased level of serum total triiodothyronine ([T. sub. 3]) is the …

THE TERM euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) identifies abnormalities in thyroid function tests
observed in patients with systemic nonthyroidal illnesses (NTIs) and those undergoing …

Thyroid function has a profound effect on the heart, and both all-cause and cardiovascular
mortality rates are increased in hyperthyroidism. New-onset atrial fibrillation carries a …

Nonthyroidal illness influences thyroid hormone production and action at multiple levels,
including the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis, thyroid hormone transport, and …

Objectives: Describe the pathophysiology of euthyroid syndrome. Explain how to distinguish
euthyroid sick syndrome from true pathology affecting the thyroid. Identify when euthyroid …