Microorganisms are ubiquitous on Earth and can inhabit almost every environment. In a
complex heterogeneous environment or in face of ecological disturbance, the microbes …

Environmental heterogeneity constitutes an evolutionary challenge for organisms. While
evolutionary dynamics under variable conditions has been explored for decades, we still …

Environmental stresses are usually active during the process of microbial fermentation and
have significant influence on microbial physiology. Microorganisms have developed a series …

Microbiology research has recently undergone major developments that have led to great
progress towards obtaining an integrated view of microbial cell function. Microbial genetics …

Host-adapted bacteria include mutualists and pathogens of animals, plants and insects.
Their study is therefore important for biotechnology, biodiversity and human health. The …

Microbial cell factories have been widely used in the production of various chemicals.
Although synthetic biology is useful in improving the cell factories, adaptation is still widely …

Bacterial species can adapt to significant changes in their environment by mutation followed
by selection, a phenomenon known as “adaptive evolution.” With the development of …

When challenged with unfavorable conditions, microorganisms can develop a stress
response that allows them to adapt to or survive in the new environment. A common feature …

Diversity in adaptive responses is common within species and populations, especially when
the heterogeneity of the frequently large populations found in environments is considered …

The evolutionary success of an organism is a testament to its inherent capacity to keep pace
with environmental conditions that change over short and long periods. Mechanisms …