Background: Anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF) antagonists have been the
mainstay in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) for over 20 years …

Background: Although TNF inhibitors revolutionized the therapy of inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD), we have been reaching a point where other therapies with different …

Biological therapy has led to marked improvements in treatment of patients with
inflammatory bowel disease, and an increasing number of drugs has been approved for …

Background Ileocolonic expression of IL13RA2 has been identified as a predictive marker
for nonresponsiveness to infliximab (IFX) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Aim To …

Objective Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies are successfully used for treatment of
Crohn's disease. Nevertheless, approximately 40% of patients display failure to anti-TNF …

The treatment of patients with IBD has evolved towards biologic therapy, which seeks to
target specific immune and biochemical abnormalities at the molecular and cellular level …

Abstract Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), namely Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis,
cause a significant disease burden in modern civilization. Ever since the introduction of anti …

Key studies published in 2021 demonstrated mechanisms that drive macrophage–fibroblast
pathogenicity in Crohn's disease, developed multi-omics profiles to predict response to …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, relapsing, and destructive inflammatory
disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) …

In the last decade, biologic agents, in particular anti-TNF agents such as infliximab,
adalimumab, and certolizumab have substantially extended the therapeutic armamentarium …