Highly immunostimulatory CpG-free oligodeoxynucleotides for activation of human leukocytes

J Vollmer, A Janosch, M Laucht, ZK Ballas… - … and Nucleic Acid …, 2002 - liebertpub.com
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) bearing CpG dinucleotides can mimic the
immunostimulatory effects of bacterial DNA in vertebrates. Besides the known CpG motifs …

The CpG motif: implications for clinical immunology

AM Krieg - BioDrugs, 1998 - Springer
The immune system appears to have evolved a mechanism to detect prokaryotic nucleic
acids based on their content of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in particular base contexts …

Potent CpG oligonucleotides containing phosphodiester linkages: in vitro and in vivo immunostimulatory properties

D Yu, FG Zhu, L Bhagat, H Wang… - Biochemical and …, 2002 - Elsevier
Bacterial and synthetic DNAs, containing CpG dinucleotides in specific sequence contexts,
activate the vertebrate immune system. Unlike phosphorothioate (PS) CpG DNAs …

Requirement of nucleobase proximal to CpG dinucleotide for immunostimulatory activity of synthetic CpG DNA

D Yu, ER Kandimalla, Q Zhao, L Bhagat, Y Cong… - Bioorganic & medicinal …, 2003 - Elsevier
Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing CpG dinucleotides exhibit potent
immunostimulatory activity in vertebrates. Although the molecular mechanisms of …

Effect of suppressive DNA on CpG-induced immune activation

H Yamada, I Gursel, F Takeshita, J Conover… - The Journal of …, 2002 - journals.aai.org
Bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG
motifs stimulate a strong innate immune response. This stimulation can be abrogated by …

Regulation of CpG‐induced immune activation by suppressive oligodeoxynucleotides

DM Klinman, R Zeuner, H Yamada… - Annals of the New …, 2003 - Wiley Online Library
Bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated “CpG
motifs” stimulate an innate immune response characterized by the production of cytokines …

Mechanisms and therapeutic applications of immune stimulatory CpG DNA

AM Krieg, AK Yi, G Hartmann - Pharmacology & therapeutics, 1999 - Elsevier
Aside from its function as the “blueprint of life” that encodes genetic information, DNA can
have direct immune activities. The immune system has evolved a defense mechanism that is …

Causing a commotion in the blood: immunotherapy progresses from bacteria to bacterial DNA

AM Krieg, H Wagner - Immunology Today, 2000 - cell.com
The vertebrate immune system recognizes bacterial DNA as foreign based on its content of
unmethylated CpG motifs. The detection of CpG motifs by the innate immune system induces …

Towards optimal design of second-generation immunomodulatory oligonucleotides.

ER Kandimalla, D Yu, S Agrawal - Current Opinion in Molecular …, 2002 - europepmc.org
The goal of using of oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing CpG dinucleotides (CpG DNA) as
immunomodulatory agents has been realized in recent years. Therapeutic applications of …

Delineation of a CpG phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide for activating primate immune responses in vitro and in vivo

G Hartmann, RD Weeratna, ZK Ballas… - The Journal of …, 2000 - journals.aai.org
Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides within specific
sequence contexts (CpG motifs) are detected, like bacterial or viral DNA, as a danger signal …